Hi!
Love the show. Fairly new listener. Will be donating via the new BTC option.
I was a mod for the /r/quittingkratom Reddit sub and can give you reliable info about this controversial drug.
**TLDR**; Kratom is considered by most experts to be an opioid drug (not an **opiate** though see below) and is generally safer than street opiates/opioids as well as still generally legal, and PERHAPS easier to quit for some. It is often used as a harm reduction strategy, and if a consumer can use it in moderation it can be good for pain, mood, and as a recreational drug. But it is JUST as hard to quit as a "real opiate/oid) if you get "hooked" and has lots of other questionable properties (lead and cadmium in it in high quantities usually for example).
**Detail:**
**Opiate vs opioid**:
**Opiates** are substances that are derived from the poppy plant. Such as Opium, Morphine and Heroin. Kratom is NOT an Opiate.
**Opioids** thge broad category of substances that activate the opioid receptors (including opiates) but are not necessarily derivatives of the poppy. Fentanyl for example is not a poppy derivative. Kratom is generally thought to fit this definition.
Kratom is a "partial opioid agonist". And by most experts is considered a mild to moderate opioid. But it is ALSO an antagonist. This means it both activates the receptors AND blocks them depending on how it connects.
Kratom is sold in head shops and online in a dried powdered form of the leaf. Much like Matcha. (though it tastes fairly horrible lol)
Kratom is a tree... and a relative of the coffee plant, and this fact is often used in marketing to make it sound harmless. It is NOT. Though Kratom is less dangerous than most other opioids it can be JUST as addictive and difficult to stop. If i had a nickel for every ex heroin addict who said quitting kratom was as hard or even worse... well I'd have lots of nickels. ;) Kratom also has stimulant properties, and is thought to also modulate serotonin much like an SSRI, and nor-epinephrine as well as Gaba.
**So quitting kratom can be like quitting a moderate Heroin dependency, as well as a mild SSRI and a benzodizapine habit all at once.** Quitting a heavy kratom habit can be VERY VERY difficult.
**7-OH** (7-hydroxymitragynine) is a metabolite of kratom's main alkaloid mitragynine. Though it DOES exist in the plant in TINY quantities, it is generally synthesized and is an **EXTREMELY potent simi-synthetic drug**. It comes in a pill form, and is often compared to taking a strong pharmaceutical opioid like Percoset. It is **highly** addictive, and many people must go to a treatment center to get off. 7-OH is not only stronger but certainly as dangerous as almost any other powerful opioid.
All that said. Kratom is considered by many to be a form of harm reduction. Heroin addicts can quit taking heroin and switch to kratom with little trouble (that alone should be a red flag for potential users!). And there is less chance of death by respiratory depression.
If a user can use it in moderation they can mitigate pain and other issues.
The problem is many many people cannot help but take more and more, and before they know it they are in trouble.
CAVEAT EMPTOR.